What happens to the airways during bronchoconstriction?

During bronchoconstriction, the airways experience a tightening of the smooth muscle surrounding them, which leads to swelling and narrowing. This physiological response often occurs during allergic reactions, asthma attacks, or exposure to irritants, where the body's defense mechanisms react to perceived threats by constricting the airways, making it more difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs.

The swelling can also result from inflammation, which often accompanies bronchoconstriction, but the key aspect of bronchoconstriction is the tightening of the airway muscles that leads directly to the narrowing of the passageways. This is critical for understanding respiratory conditions, as bronchoconstriction is a significant factor in diseases like asthma, where patients may experience wheezing and difficulty breathing due to these narrowed airways.